@article {61,
	title = {Nitrogen budget of a subalpine lake in North-Western Italy: the role of atmospheric input in the upward trend of nitrogen concentrations},
	journal = {Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol.},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {2027-2030},
	author = {Rogora, M and Mosello R. and Calderoni A. and Barbieri A.}
}
@article {62,
	title = {The water chemistry of Northern Patagonian lakes and their nitrogen status in comparison with remote lakes in different regions of the globe},
	journal = {J. Limnol. },
	volume = {67},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {75-86},
	abstract = {Eighteen small shallow lakes located in the Northern Patagonian Lake District, in southern South America, were sampled in
2001 and analysed for the main chemical variables (pH, conductivity, alkalinity, major ions and nutrients). The study lakes span a
wide geographical and altitudinal range and belong partly to the Pacific and partly to the Atlantic watershed. The main aim of this
study was to investigate the relationships between water chemistry and physical/geographical properties of these lakes. Secondly, the
nitrogen content of the lakes was considered in detail, and results compared to those obtained in previous studies carried out in other
remote areas of the globe (the Central Southern Alps in Italy, the Sierra da Estrela region in Portugal, the Svalbard Islands in the
Arctic, the Khumbu-Himal region in Nepal, and the Terra Nova Bay area in Antarctica). In the Alps, lakes are characterised by
markedly high nitrogen concentrations, manly as nitrate, due to the high inputs of nitrogen compounds from downwind sources like
the Po Plain in Northern Italy. Conversely, lakes at remote locations such as the Andes, Antarctica and Himalaya are characterised
by a low nitrogen content, mainly as organic nitrogen. This status is related to the limited atmospheric inputs of nitrogen affecting
these regions.},
	keywords = {Alps, Antarctica, atmospheric deposition, Nepal, Nitrate},
	author = {Rogora, M and Massaferro J. and Marchetto A. and Tartari G. A. and Mosello R.}
}
@inbook {Leip2011d,
	title = {{Integrating nitrogen fluxes at the European scale}},
	booktitle = {European Nitrogen Assessment},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {345{\textendash}376},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	chapter = {16},
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	keywords = {mypublications},
	url = {http://www.nine-esf.org/ENA-Book},
	author = {Leip, Adrian and Achermann, Beat and Billen, Gilles and Bleeker, Albert and Bouwman, Alexander F and De Vries, Wim and Dragosits, Ulli and D{\"o}ring, Ulrike and Fernall, Dave and Geupel, Markus and Heldstab, J{\"u}rg and Johnes, Penny and Le Gall, Anne Christine and Monni, Suvi and Neve{\v c}e{\v r}al, Rostislav and Orlandini, Lorenzo and Prud{\textquoteright}homme, Michel and Reuter, Hannes I and Simpson, David and Seufert, G{\"u}nther and Spranger, Till and Sutton, Mark A. and van Aardenne, John and Vo{\ss}, Maren and Winiwarter, Wilfried},
	editor = {Sutton, Mark and Howard, Clare and Erisman, Jan Willem and Billen, Gilles and Bleeker, Albert and van Grinsven, Hans and Grennfelt, Peringe and Grizzetti, Bruna}
}
@article {Westhoek2014,
	title = {{Food choices, health and environment: Effects of cutting Europe{\textquoteright}s meat and dairy intake}},
	journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	volume = {26},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {196{\textendash}205},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {Western diets are characterised by a high intake of meat, dairy products and eggs, causing an intake of saturated fat and red meat in quantities that exceed dietary recommendations. The associated livestock production requires large areas of land and lead to high nitrogen and greenhouse gas emission levels. Although several studies have examined the potential impact of dietary changes on greenhouse gas emissions and land use, those on health, the agricultural system and other environmental aspects (such as nitrogen emissions) have only been studied to a limited extent. By using biophysical models and methods, we examined the large-scale consequences in the European Union of replacing 25-50{\%} of animal-derived foods with plant-based foods on a dietary energy basis, assuming corresponding changes in production. We tested the effects of these alternative diets and found that halving the consumption of meat, dairy products and eggs in the European Union would achieve a 40{\%} reduction in nitrogen emissions, 25-40{\%} reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and 23{\%} per capita less use of cropland for food production. In addition, the dietary changes would also lower health risks. The European Union would become a net exporter of cereals, while the use of soymeal would be reduced by 75{\%}. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the food system would increase from the current 18{\%} to between 41{\%} and 47{\%}, depending on choices made regarding land use. As agriculture is the major source of nitrogen pollution, this is expected to result in a significant improvement in both air and water quality in the EU. The resulting 40{\%} reduction in the intake of saturated fat would lead to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality. These diet-led changes in food production patterns would have a large economic impact on livestock farmers and associated supply-chain actors, such as the feed industry and meat-processing sector. {\textcopyright} 2014 The Authors.},
	keywords = {Dietary change, Greenhouse gas emissions, Human diet, Land use, Livestock, Reactive nitrogen},
	issn = {09593780},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.02.004},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.02.004 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378014000338},
	author = {Westhoek, Henk and Lesschen, J.P. Jan Peter and Rood, Trudy and Wagner, Susanne and De Marco, Alessandra and Murphy-bokern, Donal and Leip, Adrian and van Grinsven, Hans and Sutton, Mark A. and Oenema, Oene}
}
@article {Leip2015a,
	title = {{Impacts of European livestock production: nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and greenhouse gas emissions, land-use, water eutrophication and biodiversity}},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {10},
	number = {11},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {115004},
	publisher = {IOP Publishing},
	abstract = {Livestock production systems currently occupy around28{\%}of the land surface of the European Union (equivalent to65{\%}of the agricultural land). Inconjunction with otherhumanactivities, livestock production systems affect water, air and soil quality, global climate and biodiversity, altering the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon. Here,we quantify the contribution of European livestock production to these major impacts. For each environmental effect, the contribution of livestock is expressed as shares of the emitted compounds and land used, as compared to the whole agricultural sector. The results show that the livestock sector contributes significantly to agricultural environmental impacts. This contribution is78{\%}for terrestrial biodiversity loss,80{\%}for soil acidification and air pollution (ammoniaand nitrogen oxides emissions),81{\%}for global warming, and73{\%}for water pollution (bothNandP). The agriculture sector itself is one of the major contributors to these environmental impacts, ranging between12{\%}for global warming and59{\%}for Nwater quality impact. Significant progress in mitigating these environmental impacts in Europe will only be possible through a combination of technological measures reducing livestock emissions, improved food choices and reduced food waste of European citizens. Introduction},
	keywords = {air quality, biodiversity loss, Climate Change, coastal eutrophication, European Union, livestock production, soil acidification},
	isbn = {1748-9318},
	issn = {1748-9326},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/115004},
	url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/10/i=11/a=115004?key=crossref.b8ce885804d5c860e008c03ed18e7ab8 https://zenodo.org/record/58514{\#}.WLQb4zsrKXr},
	author = {Leip, Adrian and Billen, Gilles and Garnier, Josette and Grizzetti, Bruna and Lassaletta, Luis and Reis, Stefan and Simpson, David and Sutton, Mark A. and De Vries, Wim and Weiss, Franz and Westhoek, Henk}
}
@book {Westhoek2015,
	title = {{Nitrogen on the Table: The influence of food choices on nitrogen emissions and the European environment. (European Nitrogen Assessment Special Report on Nitrogen and Food.)}},
	number = {April},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1{\textendash}5},
	publisher = {Centre for Ecology {\&} Hydrology},
	organization = {Centre for Ecology {\&} Hydrology},
	address = {Edinburgh, UK},
	isbn = {9781906698515},
	url = {https://www.clrtap-tfrn.org/sites/clrtap-tfrn.org/files/documents/Nitrogen_on_the_Table_Report_WEB.pdf},
	author = {Westhoek, Henk and Lesschen, J.P. Jan Peter and Leip, Adrian and Rood, Trudy and Wagner, Susanne and De Marco, A. and Murphy-bokern, Donal and Palli{\`e}re, C. and Howard, Clare M and Oenema, Oene and Sutton, Mark A. and Marco, De}
}
@article {AdrianLeip,
	title = {{The value of manure - manure as co-product in life cycle assessment}},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
	volume = {241},
	number = {March},
	year = {2019},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {293{\textendash}304},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	keywords = {Allocation, Fertilizer, Life cycle assessment, Livestock supply chains, Manure, Nutrients},
	issn = {03014797},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479719303627},
	author = {Leip, Adrian and Ledgart, Stewart and Uwizeye, Aimable and Palhares, Julio C.P. and Aller, Fernanda and Amon, Barbara and Binder, Michael and Cordovil, Claudia M.d.S. and Dong, Hongming and Fusi, Alessandra and Helin, Janne and H{\"o}rtenhuber, Stefan and Hristov, Alexander N. and Koelsch, Richard and Liu, Chunjiang and Masso, Cargele and Nkongolo, Nsalambi V. and Patra, Amlan K. and Redding, Matthew R. and Rufino, Mariana C. and Sakrabani, Ruben and Thoma, Greg and Vert{\`e}s, Fran{\c c}oise and Wang, Ying and Ledgard, Stewart and Uwizeye, Aimable and Palhares, Julio C.P. and Aller, M. Fernanda and Amon, Barbara and Binder, Michael and Cordovil, Claudia M.d.S. and De Camillis, Camillo and Dong, Hongming and Fusi, Alessandra and Helin, Janne and H{\"o}rtenhuber, Stefan and Hristov, Alexander N. and Koelsch, Richard and Liu, Chunjiang and Masso, Cargele and Nkongolo, Nsalambi V. and Patra, Amlan K. and Redding, Matthew R. and Rufino, Mariana C. and Sakrabani, Ruben and Thoma, Greg and Vert{\`e}s, Fran{\c c}oise and Wang, Ying}
}
@article {Kanter2020,
	title = {{A framework for nitrogen futures in the shared socioeconomic pathways}},
	journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {corresponding author, s},
	author = {Kanter, David R and Winiwarter, Wilfried and Bodirsky, Benjamin and Bouwman, Lex and Boyer, Elizabeth and Buckle, Simon and Compton, Jana and Dalgaard, Tommy and wim de Vries and Lecl{\`e}re, David and Leip, Adrian and Muller, Christoph and Popp, Alexander and Raghuram, Nandula and Rao, Shilpa and Sutton, Mark A. and Tian, Hanqin and Westhoek, Henk and Zhang, Xin and Zurek, Monika}
}
@article {Uwizeye2020,
	title = {{Nitrogen emissions along global livestock supply chains}},
	journal = {Nature Food},
	year = {2020},
	month = {jul},
	issn = {2662-1355},
	doi = {10.1038/s43016-020-0113-y},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-020-0113-y https://github.com/uaimable/Global{\_}Nitrogen{\_}assessment},
	author = {Uwizeye, Aimable and de Boer, Imke J. M. and Opio, Carolyn I and Schulte, Rogier P O and Falcucci, Alessandra and Tempio, Giuseppe and Teillard, F{\'e}lix and Casu, Flavia and Rulli, Monica and Galloway, James N and Leip, Adrian and Erisman, Jan Willem and Robinson, Timothy P and Steinfeld, Henning and Gerber, Pierre J}
}
@article {Carlo,
	title = {{Sustainable food protein supply reconciling human and ecosystem health: A Leibniz Position}},
	journal = {Global Food Security},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2020},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {100367},
	keywords = {corresponding author, s},
	issn = {22119124},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100367},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211912420300201},
	author = {Weindl, Isabelle and Ost, Mario and Wiedmer, Petra and Schreiner, Monika and Neugart, Susanne and Klopsch, Rebecca and K{\"u}hnhold, Holger and Kloas, Werner and Henkel, Ina M. and Schl{\"u}ter, Oliver and Bu{\ss}ler, Sara and Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko D. and Ma, Hua and Grune, Tilman and Rolinski, Susanne and Klaus, Susanne}
}
@article {geupel_national_2021,
	title = {A {National} {Nitrogen} {Target} for {Germany}},
	journal = {Sustainability},
	volume = {13},
	number = {3},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1121},
	abstract = {The anthropogenic nitrogen cycle is characterized by a high complexity. Different reactive nitrogen species (NH3, NH4+, NO, NO2, NO3-, and N2O) are set free by a large variety of anthropogenic activities and cause numerous negative impacts on the environment. The complex nature of the nitrogen cycle hampers public awareness of the nitrogen problem. To overcome this issue and to enhance the sensitivity for policy action, we developed a new, impact-based integrated national target for nitrogen (INTN) for Germany. It is based on six impact indicators, for which we derived the maximum amount of nitrogen losses allowed in each environmental sector to reach related state indicators on a spatial average for Germany. The resulting target sets a limit of nitrogen emissions in Germany of 1053 Gg N yr-1. It could serve as a similar means on the national level as the planetary boundary for reactive nitrogen or the 1.5 {\textopenbullet}C target of the climate community on the global level. Taking related uncertainties into account, the resulting integrated nitrogen target of 1053 Gg N yr-1 suggests a comprehensible INTN of 1000 Gg N yr-1 for Germany. Compared to the current situation, the overall annual loss of reactive nitrogen in Germany would have to be reduced by approximately one-third.},
	issn = {2071-1050},
	doi = {10.3390/su13031121},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/3/1121},
	author = {Geupel, Markus and Heldstab, J{\"u}rg and Sch{\"a}ppi, Bettina and Reutimann, Judith and Bach, Martin and H{\"a}u{\ss}ermann, Uwe and Knoll, Lukas and Klement, Laura and Breuer, Lutz}
}
@article {bach_reactive_nodate,
	title = {Reactive nitrogen flows in {Germany} 2010 - 2014 ({DESTINO} {Report} 2)},
	year = {Submitted},
	pages = {152},
	abstract = {Emissions of reactive nitrogen give rise to a wide range of environmental problems. In order to develop reduction measures it is necessary to quantify sources, sinks and flows of Nr, and as part of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLTRAP) it was agreed in the Gothenburg Protocol to construct national nitrogen budgets. The {\textquotedblleft}Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets{\textquotedblright} of the Economic Commission for Europe forms the starting point for this task. The Nr flows are determined for the following pools: {\textquotedblleft}Atmosphere{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Energy and Fuels{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Material and products in industry{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Humans and settlements{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Agriculture{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Forest and semi-natural vegetation{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Waste{\textquotedblright}, and {\textquotedblleft}Hydrosphere{\textquotedblright}, as well as for the {\textquotedblleft}Trans-boundary N-flows{\textquotedblright} (imports and exports). The N-flows are taken directly from statistical reports, publications, etc., or are calculated as the product of the quantity of transported or converted substance and the mean nitrogen contents. Some 150 N-flows are described, and the uncertainty of the results is graded in four levels from {\textquotedblleft}very low{\textquotedblright} to {\textquotedblleft}high{\textquotedblright}. In Germany, approximately 6275 kt Nr is introduced into the nitrogen cycle every year (mean value from 2010 to 2014), of 43 \% is by ammonia synthesis. Domestic extraction of nitrogenous fossil fuels (lignite, coal, crude oil) and imports contribute 2335 kt N a-1. Natural nitrogen fixation converts 308 kt N a-1 into organically bound nitrogen. Conversely, processes involving the combustion of fossil fuels and regenerative fuels and the refining of crude oil to mineral oil products result in 2711 kt N a-1 being transformed to N2. In waters, soils, and wastewater treatment plants, denitrification leads to the release of 1107 kt N a-1 as molecular nitrogen. Via the atmosphere and hydrosphere, Germany exports 745 kt N a-1 to neighbouring countries and the coastal waters. The changes in N-stock in soils have to date only been determined for forest soils, where they are 293 kt N a-1. On balance, reactive nitrogen totalling 1627 kt N is released in Germany every year, with negative impacts on the ecosystems and their functions. The national nitrogen budget involves considerable uncertainties, and this should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.},
	author = {Bach, Martin and H{\"a}u{\ss}ermann, Uwe and Klement, Laura and Knoll, Lukas and Breuer, Lutz and Weber, Tatyana and Fuchs, Stefan and Heldstab, J{\"u}rg and Reutimann, Judith}
}
