%0 Book Section %B Bio-Economic Models applied to Agricultural Systems %D 2011 %T {Agri-Environmental Nitrogen Indicators for EU27} %A Leip, Adrian %A Weiss, Franz %A Britz, Wolfgang %E Flichman, Guillermo %K mypublications %X Nitrogen is a key element to ensure modern agriculture's output, sustaining global food, feed, fibre and now bio-energy production. But it also accounts also for, or at least contributes to, key environmental problems that challenge the well functioning of today's societies (Sutton et al. 2011). One molecule of nitrogen can contribute to one or many environmental problems, including eutrophication, groundwater pollution via leaching and run-off of nitrates and organic nitrogen, climate change via N2O emissions, acidification via ammonia emissions and may affect human health via ozone formation or biodiversity via nitrogen deposition on natural areas. This multiple impact of nitrogen is often referred to as the “nitrogen cascade” (Galloway et al. 2003). Accordingly, agri-environmental indicator frameworks typically feature several indicators related to nitrogen such as ammonia emissions, use of nitrogen fertilisers, gross N surplus, nitrates in water or GHG emissions (EEA 2005). Often, however, these indicators are calculated independently from each other based on sometimes contradicting data sources, methodologies or assumptions (see e.g. Grizzetti et al. 2007). This includes also the first overview of the “European Nitrogen Case” that was presented by van Egmond et al. (2002) at the second International Nitrogen Conference held in Potomac (USA). Thus, a system that calculates the detailed nitrogen balance and the related indicators for agriculture in Europe on the basis of consistent data sets and advanced methodologies is highly desirable. A closed balance of nitrogen is calculated in the CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact) model, i.e., next to monetary values and product balances, also the nutrient fluxes are in accordance with the law of mass-conservation (Britz et al., 2007). This has been exploited by Leip et al. (2011b) to develop nitrogen budgets for the system boundaries of the soil, land, and the farm. The authors provide for the first time mutually consistent calculations of farm, land and soil N-budgets for all member states of the European Union and quantify the two major indicators, namely the nitrogen use efficiency and the nitrogen surplus for each of the N-budgets. The data showed that the nitrogen surplus increases for the soil {\textless} land {\textless} farm budget, while the nitrogen use efficiency decreases analogically for soil {\textgreater} land {\textgreater} farm budgets. The farm N-budget appeared to be the most relevant one giving a picture of the overall N management of agriculture and is accordingly recommended for integrative studies assessing the “nitrogen footprint” of society. Based on the work of Leip et al. (2011b), we propose in this chapter three additional nitrogen indicators focusing even more on the use society in European countries makes of their productive land. %B Bio-Economic Models applied to Agricultural Systems %I Springer Netherlands %C Dordrecht %P 109–123 %@ 978-94-007-1901-9 %G eng %U http://www.springerlink.com/content/pq4846/{\#}section=954524{&}page=1{&}locus=0 %R 10.1007/978-94-007-1902-6_6 %0 Book Section %B European Nitrogen Assessment %D 2011 %T {Integrating nitrogen fluxes at the European scale} %A Leip, Adrian %A Achermann, Beat %A Billen, Gilles %A Bleeker, Albert %A Bouwman, Alexander F %A De Vries, Wim %A Dragosits, Ulli %A Döring, Ulrike %A Fernall, Dave %A Geupel, Markus %A Heldstab, Jürg %A Johnes, Penny %A Le Gall, Anne Christine %A Monni, Suvi %A Nevečeřal, Rostislav %A Orlandini, Lorenzo %A Prud'homme, Michel %A Reuter, Hannes I %A Simpson, David %A Seufert, Günther %A Spranger, Till %A Sutton, Mark A. %A van Aardenne, John %A Voß, Maren %A Winiwarter, Wilfried %E Sutton, Mark %E Howard, Clare %E Erisman, Jan Willem %E Billen, Gilles %E Bleeker, Albert %E van Grinsven, Hans %E Grennfelt, Peringe %E Grizzetti, Bruna %K mypublications %B European Nitrogen Assessment %I Cambridge University Press %C Cambridge, UK %P 345–376 %G eng %U http://www.nine-esf.org/ENA-Book %& 16 %0 Journal Article %J Science of The Total Environment %D 2019 %T {Environmental footprint family to address local to planetary sustainability and deliver on the SDGs} %A Vanham, Davy %A Leip, Adrian %A Galli, Alessandro %A Kastner, Thomas %A Bruckner, Martin %A Uwizeye, Aimable %A van Dijk, Kimo %A Ercin, Ertug %A Dalin, Carole %A Brandão, Miguel %A Bastianoni, Simone %A Fang, Kai %A Leach, Allison M. %A Chapagain, Ashok %A Van der Velde, Marijn %A Sala, Serenella %A Pant, Rana %A Mancini, Lucia %A Monforti-Ferrario, Fabio %A Carmona-Garcia, Gema %A Marques, Alexandra %A Weiss, Franz %A Hoekstra, Arjen Y. %K Environmental footprint %K Environmental footprint assessment %K Family %K Footprint %K Footprint family %K Planetary boundaries %X The number of publications on environmental footprint indicators has been growing rapidly, but with limited efforts to integrate different footprints into a coherent framework. Such integration is important for comprehensive understanding of environmental issues, policy formulation and assessment of trade-offs between different environmental concerns. Here, we systematize published footprint studies and define a family of footprints that can be used for the assessment of environmental sustainability. We identify overlaps between different footprints and analyse how they relate to the nine planetary boundaries and visualize the crucial information they provide for local and planetary sustainability. In addition, we assess how the footprint family delivers on measuring progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), considering its ability to quantify environmental pressures along the supply chain and relating them to the water-energy-food-ecosystem (WEFE) nexus and ecosystem services. We argue that the footprint family is a flexible framework where particular members can be included or excluded according to the context or area of concern. Our paper is based upon a recent workshop bringing together global leading experts on existing environmental footprint indicators. %B Science of The Total Environment %I Elsevier B.V %V 693 %P 133642 %8 jul %G eng %U https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969719335673 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133642 %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133642 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Environmental Management %D 2019 %T {The value of manure - manure as co-product in life cycle assessment} %A Leip, Adrian %A Ledgart, Stewart %A Uwizeye, Aimable %A Palhares, Julio C.P. %A Aller, Fernanda %A Amon, Barbara %A Binder, Michael %A Cordovil, Claudia M.d.S. %A Dong, Hongming %A Fusi, Alessandra %A Helin, Janne %A Hörtenhuber, Stefan %A Hristov, Alexander N. %A Koelsch, Richard %A Liu, Chunjiang %A Masso, Cargele %A Nkongolo, Nsalambi V. %A Patra, Amlan K. %A Redding, Matthew R. %A Rufino, Mariana C. %A Sakrabani, Ruben %A Thoma, Greg %A Vertès, Françoise %A Wang, Ying %A Ledgard, Stewart %A Uwizeye, Aimable %A Palhares, Julio C.P. %A Aller, M. Fernanda %A Amon, Barbara %A Binder, Michael %A Cordovil, Claudia M.d.S. %A De Camillis, Camillo %A Dong, Hongming %A Fusi, Alessandra %A Helin, Janne %A Hörtenhuber, Stefan %A Hristov, Alexander N. %A Koelsch, Richard %A Liu, Chunjiang %A Masso, Cargele %A Nkongolo, Nsalambi V. %A Patra, Amlan K. %A Redding, Matthew R. %A Rufino, Mariana C. %A Sakrabani, Ruben %A Thoma, Greg %A Vertès, Françoise %A Wang, Ying %K Allocation %K Fertilizer %K Life cycle assessment %K Livestock supply chains %K Manure %K Nutrients %B Journal of Environmental Management %I Elsevier %V 241 %P 293–304 %8 jul %G eng %U https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479719303627 %R 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059 %0 Journal Article %J Nature Food %D 2020 %T {Nitrogen emissions along global livestock supply chains} %A Uwizeye, Aimable %A de Boer, Imke J. M. %A Opio, Carolyn I %A Schulte, Rogier P O %A Falcucci, Alessandra %A Tempio, Giuseppe %A Teillard, Félix %A Casu, Flavia %A Rulli, Monica %A Galloway, James N %A Leip, Adrian %A Erisman, Jan Willem %A Robinson, Timothy P %A Steinfeld, Henning %A Gerber, Pierre J %B Nature Food %8 jul %G eng %U http://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-020-0113-y https://github.com/uaimable/Global{\_}Nitrogen{\_}assessment %R 10.1038/s43016-020-0113-y %0 Journal Article %D Submitted %T Reactive nitrogen flows in {Germany} 2010 - 2014 ({DESTINO} {Report} 2) %A Bach, Martin %A Häußermann, Uwe %A Klement, Laura %A Knoll, Lukas %A Breuer, Lutz %A Weber, Tatyana %A Fuchs, Stefan %A Heldstab, Jürg %A Reutimann, Judith %X Emissions of reactive nitrogen give rise to a wide range of environmental problems. In order to develop reduction measures it is necessary to quantify sources, sinks and flows of Nr, and as part of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLTRAP) it was agreed in the Gothenburg Protocol to construct national nitrogen budgets. The “Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets” of the Economic Commission for Europe forms the starting point for this task. The Nr flows are determined for the following pools: “Atmosphere”, “Energy and Fuels”, “Material and products in industry”, “Humans and settlements”, “Agriculture”, “Forest and semi-natural vegetation”, “Waste”, and “Hydrosphere”, as well as for the “Trans-boundary N-flows” (imports and exports). The N-flows are taken directly from statistical reports, publications, etc., or are calculated as the product of the quantity of transported or converted substance and the mean nitrogen contents. Some 150 N-flows are described, and the uncertainty of the results is graded in four levels from “very low” to “high”. In Germany, approximately 6275 kt Nr is introduced into the nitrogen cycle every year (mean value from 2010 to 2014), of 43 % is by ammonia synthesis. Domestic extraction of nitrogenous fossil fuels (lignite, coal, crude oil) and imports contribute 2335 kt N a-1. Natural nitrogen fixation converts 308 kt N a-1 into organically bound nitrogen. Conversely, processes involving the combustion of fossil fuels and regenerative fuels and the refining of crude oil to mineral oil products result in 2711 kt N a-1 being transformed to N2. In waters, soils, and wastewater treatment plants, denitrification leads to the release of 1107 kt N a-1 as molecular nitrogen. Via the atmosphere and hydrosphere, Germany exports 745 kt N a-1 to neighbouring countries and the coastal waters. The changes in N-stock in soils have to date only been determined for forest soils, where they are 293 kt N a-1. On balance, reactive nitrogen totalling 1627 kt N is released in Germany every year, with negative impacts on the ecosystems and their functions. The national nitrogen budget involves considerable uncertainties, and this should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results. %P 152 %G eng