@article {64,
	title = {AMMONIA EMISSION FROM MINERAL},
	journal = {Advances in Agronomy},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2004},
	abstract = {A thorough understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved
in NH3 emission from inorganic N fertilizers and fertilized crops is required
if reliable and operational NH3 emission factors and decision support systems
for inorganic fertilizers are to be developed, taking into account the actual
soil properties, climatic conditions and management factors. For this reason,
the present review focuses on processes involved in NH3 volatilization from
inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and the exchange of ammonia between crop
foliage and the atmosphere.
The proportion of nitrogen lost from N fertilizers due to NH3 volatilization
may range from <0 to .50\%, depending on fertilizer type, environmental
conditions (temperature, wind speed, rain), and soil properties (calcium
content, cation exchange capacity, acidity). The risk for high NH3 losses may
be reduced by proper management strategies including, e.g., incorporation of
the fertilizer into the soil, use of acidic fertilizers on calcareous soils, use of
fertilizers with a high content of carbonate-precipitating cations, split
applications to rice paddies or application to the soil surface beneath the
crop canopy. The latter takes advantage of the relatively low wind speed
within well-developed canopies, reducing the rate of vertical NH3 transport
and increasing foliar NH3 absorption. Conversely, NH3 is emitted from
the leaves when the internal NH3 concentration is higher than that in the
ambient atmosphere as may often be the case, particularly during periods
with rapid N absorption by the roots or during senescence induced
N-remobilization from leaves. Between 1 and 4\% of shoot N may be lost
in this way. },
	author = {Sommer, S. G and Schjoerring, Jan K. and Denmead,  O. T}
}
@article {76,
	title = {The development of the EMEP/CORINAIR Guidebook with respect to the emissions of different nitrogen and carbon species from animal production.},
	journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2006},
	abstract = {The reduction of emissions of air pollutants is subject of international conventions, which include reporting of emissions in accordance with guidelines or guidebooks provided. Within the Convention on the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, the Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook describes the methodology. With respect to emissions from agricultural sources, in particular from animal husbandry, this guidebook at present undergoes major modifications: the calculation procedure making use of partial emission factors for the various sources of emissions (animal house, storage, manure application, etc.) is being replaced by a mass flow concept for both nitrogen and carbon species. The current state of the Guidebook, present activities to update it and future plans are described. The necessity to update both the Guidebook and the IPCC Guidelines as complementary tools to describe agricultural emissions and mass flows is emphasized.},
	keywords = {EPNB},
	author = {Daemmgen, U and Webb, J}
}
@article {78,
	title = {Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {156},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {583-604},
	abstract = {Recent research on atmospheric ammonia has made good progress in quantifying sources/sinks and
environmental impacts. This paper reviews the achievements and places them in their historical context.
It considers the role of ammonia in the development of agricultural science and air chemistry, showing
how these arose out of foundations in 18th century chemistry and medieval alchemy, and then identifies
the original environmental sources from which the ancients obtained ammonia. Ammonia is revealed as
a compound of key human interest through the centuries, with a central role played by sal ammoniac in
alchemy and the emergence of modern science. The review highlights how recent environmental
research has emphasized volatilization sources of ammonia. Conversely, the historical records emphasize
the role of high-temperature sources, including dung burning, coal burning, naturally burning coal seams
and volcanoes. Present estimates of ammonia emissions from these sources are based on few
measurements, which should be a future priority.},
	keywords = {Air chemistry, Alchemy, Deposition, Emissions, EPNB, NH3 sal ammoniac, Nushadir},
	author = {Mark A. Sutton and Jan Willem Erisman and Frank Dentener and Detlev M{\"o}ller}
}
@article {65,
	title = {Emissions of gaseous nitrogen species from manure management: A new approach},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {488-497},
	abstract = {A procedure for the assessment of emissions of nitrogen (N) species (ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, di-nitrogen) from the manure
management system is developed, which treats N pools and flows including emissions strictly according to conservation of mass criteria. As
all relevant flows in the husbandry of mammals are depicted, the methodology is considered a Tier 3 approach in IPCC terminology or a detailed
methodology in UN ECE terminology. The importance of accounting for all N species is illustrated by comparing emission estimates obtained
using this approach with those obtained from the application the present detailed/Tier 2 methodology.},
	keywords = {EPNB},
	author = {Daemmgen, U and Hutchings, N. J}
}
@article {Leip2011b,
	title = {{Farm, land, and soil nitrogen budgets for agriculture in Europe calculated with CAPRI}},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {159},
	number = {11},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {3243{\textendash}3253},
	abstract = {We calculated farm, land, and soil N-budgets for countries in Europe and the EU27 as a whole using the agro-economic model CAPRI. For EU27, N-surplus is 55 kg N ha -1 yr -1 in a soil budget and 65 kg N 2O-N ha -1 yr -1 and 67 kg N ha -1 yr -1 in land and farm budgets, respectively. NUE is 31{\%} for the farm budget, 60{\%} for the land budget and 63{\%} for the soil budget. NS values are mainly related to the excretion (farm budget) and application (soil and land budget) of manure per hectare of total agricultural land. On the other hand, NUE is best explained by the specialization of the agricultural system toward animal production (farm NUE) or the share of imported feedstuff (soil NUE). Total N input, intensive farming, and the specialization to animal production are found to be the main drivers for a high NS and low NUE. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {agriculture, Europe, Nitrogen budgets, Nitrogen use efficiency, Nutrient balances},
	issn = {02697491},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.040},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.040},
	author = {Leip, Adrian and Britz, Wolfgang and Weiss, Franz and De Vries, Wim}
}
@inbook {Leip2011d,
	title = {{Integrating nitrogen fluxes at the European scale}},
	booktitle = {European Nitrogen Assessment},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {345{\textendash}376},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	chapter = {16},
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	keywords = {mypublications},
	url = {http://www.nine-esf.org/ENA-Book},
	author = {Leip, Adrian and Achermann, Beat and Billen, Gilles and Bleeker, Albert and Bouwman, Alexander F and De Vries, Wim and Dragosits, Ulli and D{\"o}ring, Ulrike and Fernall, Dave and Geupel, Markus and Heldstab, J{\"u}rg and Johnes, Penny and Le Gall, Anne Christine and Monni, Suvi and Neve{\v c}e{\v r}al, Rostislav and Orlandini, Lorenzo and Prud{\textquoteright}homme, Michel and Reuter, Hannes I and Simpson, David and Seufert, G{\"u}nther and Spranger, Till and Sutton, Mark A. and van Aardenne, John and Vo{\ss}, Maren and Winiwarter, Wilfried},
	editor = {Sutton, Mark and Howard, Clare and Erisman, Jan Willem and Billen, Gilles and Bleeker, Albert and van Grinsven, Hans and Grennfelt, Peringe and Grizzetti, Bruna}
}
@article {Westhoek2014,
	title = {{Food choices, health and environment: Effects of cutting Europe{\textquoteright}s meat and dairy intake}},
	journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	volume = {26},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {196{\textendash}205},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {Western diets are characterised by a high intake of meat, dairy products and eggs, causing an intake of saturated fat and red meat in quantities that exceed dietary recommendations. The associated livestock production requires large areas of land and lead to high nitrogen and greenhouse gas emission levels. Although several studies have examined the potential impact of dietary changes on greenhouse gas emissions and land use, those on health, the agricultural system and other environmental aspects (such as nitrogen emissions) have only been studied to a limited extent. By using biophysical models and methods, we examined the large-scale consequences in the European Union of replacing 25-50{\%} of animal-derived foods with plant-based foods on a dietary energy basis, assuming corresponding changes in production. We tested the effects of these alternative diets and found that halving the consumption of meat, dairy products and eggs in the European Union would achieve a 40{\%} reduction in nitrogen emissions, 25-40{\%} reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and 23{\%} per capita less use of cropland for food production. In addition, the dietary changes would also lower health risks. The European Union would become a net exporter of cereals, while the use of soymeal would be reduced by 75{\%}. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the food system would increase from the current 18{\%} to between 41{\%} and 47{\%}, depending on choices made regarding land use. As agriculture is the major source of nitrogen pollution, this is expected to result in a significant improvement in both air and water quality in the EU. The resulting 40{\%} reduction in the intake of saturated fat would lead to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality. These diet-led changes in food production patterns would have a large economic impact on livestock farmers and associated supply-chain actors, such as the feed industry and meat-processing sector. {\textcopyright} 2014 The Authors.},
	keywords = {Dietary change, Greenhouse gas emissions, Human diet, Land use, Livestock, Reactive nitrogen},
	issn = {09593780},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.02.004},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.02.004 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378014000338},
	author = {Westhoek, Henk and Lesschen, J.P. Jan Peter and Rood, Trudy and Wagner, Susanne and De Marco, Alessandra and Murphy-bokern, Donal and Leip, Adrian and van Grinsven, Hans and Sutton, Mark A. and Oenema, Oene}
}
@article {Leip2015a,
	title = {{Impacts of European livestock production: nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and greenhouse gas emissions, land-use, water eutrophication and biodiversity}},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {10},
	number = {11},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {115004},
	publisher = {IOP Publishing},
	abstract = {Livestock production systems currently occupy around28{\%}of the land surface of the European Union (equivalent to65{\%}of the agricultural land). Inconjunction with otherhumanactivities, livestock production systems affect water, air and soil quality, global climate and biodiversity, altering the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon. Here,we quantify the contribution of European livestock production to these major impacts. For each environmental effect, the contribution of livestock is expressed as shares of the emitted compounds and land used, as compared to the whole agricultural sector. The results show that the livestock sector contributes significantly to agricultural environmental impacts. This contribution is78{\%}for terrestrial biodiversity loss,80{\%}for soil acidification and air pollution (ammoniaand nitrogen oxides emissions),81{\%}for global warming, and73{\%}for water pollution (bothNandP). The agriculture sector itself is one of the major contributors to these environmental impacts, ranging between12{\%}for global warming and59{\%}for Nwater quality impact. Significant progress in mitigating these environmental impacts in Europe will only be possible through a combination of technological measures reducing livestock emissions, improved food choices and reduced food waste of European citizens. Introduction},
	keywords = {air quality, biodiversity loss, Climate Change, coastal eutrophication, European Union, livestock production, soil acidification},
	isbn = {1748-9318},
	issn = {1748-9326},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/115004},
	url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/10/i=11/a=115004?key=crossref.b8ce885804d5c860e008c03ed18e7ab8 https://zenodo.org/record/58514{\#}.WLQb4zsrKXr},
	author = {Leip, Adrian and Billen, Gilles and Garnier, Josette and Grizzetti, Bruna and Lassaletta, Luis and Reis, Stefan and Simpson, David and Sutton, Mark A. and De Vries, Wim and Weiss, Franz and Westhoek, Henk}
}
@book {Westhoek2015,
	title = {{Nitrogen on the Table: The influence of food choices on nitrogen emissions and the European environment. (European Nitrogen Assessment Special Report on Nitrogen and Food.)}},
	number = {April},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1{\textendash}5},
	publisher = {Centre for Ecology {\&} Hydrology},
	organization = {Centre for Ecology {\&} Hydrology},
	address = {Edinburgh, UK},
	isbn = {9781906698515},
	url = {https://www.clrtap-tfrn.org/sites/clrtap-tfrn.org/files/documents/Nitrogen_on_the_Table_Report_WEB.pdf},
	author = {Westhoek, Henk and Lesschen, J.P. Jan Peter and Leip, Adrian and Rood, Trudy and Wagner, Susanne and De Marco, A. and Murphy-bokern, Donal and Palli{\`e}re, C. and Howard, Clare M and Oenema, Oene and Sutton, Mark A. and Marco, De}
}
@article {Parodi2018a,
	title = {{The potential of future foods for sustainable and healthy diets}},
	journal = {Nature Sustainability},
	volume = {1},
	number = {12},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {782{\textendash}789},
	publisher = {Springer US},
	abstract = {Altering diets is increasingly acknowledged as an important solution to feed the world{\textquoteright}s growing population within the planetary boundaries. In our search for a planet-friendly diet, the main focus has been on eating more plant-source foods, and eating no or less animal-source foods, while the potential of future foods, such as insects, seaweed or cultured meat has been underexplored. Here we show that compared to current animal-source foods, future foods have major environmental benefits while safeguarding the intake of essential micronutrients. The complete array of essential nutrients in the mixture of future foods makes them good-quality alternatives for current animal-source foods compared to plant-source foods. Moreover, future foods are land-efficient alternatives for animal-source foods, and if produced with renewable energy, they also offer greenhouse gas benefits. Further research on nutrient bioavailability and digestibility, food safety, production costs and consumer acceptance will determine their role as main food sources in future diets.},
	issn = {23989629},
	doi = {10.1038/s41893-018-0189-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0189-7 http://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-018-0189-7},
	author = {Parodi, Alejandro and Leip, Adrian and De Boer, I. J.M. M. and Slegers, P. M. and Ziegler, F. and Temme, E. H.M. M. and Herrero, M. and Tuomisto, Hanna L. and Valin, H. and Van Middelaar, C. E. and Van Loon, J. J.A. A. and van Zanten, Hannah H. E.}
}
@article {Vanham2019a,
	title = {{Environmental footprint family to address local to planetary sustainability and deliver on the SDGs}},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {693},
	number = {June},
	year = {2019},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {133642},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V},
	abstract = {The number of publications on environmental footprint indicators has been growing rapidly, but with limited efforts to integrate different footprints into a coherent framework. Such integration is important for comprehensive understanding of environmental issues, policy formulation and assessment of trade-offs between different environmental concerns. Here, we systematize published footprint studies and define a family of footprints that can be used for the assessment of environmental sustainability. We identify overlaps between different footprints and analyse how they relate to the nine planetary boundaries and visualize the crucial information they provide for local and planetary sustainability. In addition, we assess how the footprint family delivers on measuring progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), considering its ability to quantify environmental pressures along the supply chain and relating them to the water-energy-food-ecosystem (WEFE) nexus and ecosystem services. We argue that the footprint family is a flexible framework where particular members can be included or excluded according to the context or area of concern. Our paper is based upon a recent workshop bringing together global leading experts on existing environmental footprint indicators.},
	keywords = {Environmental footprint, Environmental footprint assessment, Family, Footprint, Footprint family, Planetary boundaries},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133642},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969719335673 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133642},
	author = {Vanham, Davy and Leip, Adrian and Galli, Alessandro and Kastner, Thomas and Bruckner, Martin and Uwizeye, Aimable and van Dijk, Kimo and Ercin, Ertug and Dalin, Carole and Brand{\~a}o, Miguel and Bastianoni, Simone and Fang, Kai and Leach, Allison M. and Chapagain, Ashok and Van der Velde, Marijn and Sala, Serenella and Pant, Rana and Mancini, Lucia and Monforti-Ferrario, Fabio and Carmona-Garcia, Gema and Marques, Alexandra and Weiss, Franz and Hoekstra, Arjen Y.}
}
@article {AdrianLeip,
	title = {{The value of manure - manure as co-product in life cycle assessment}},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
	volume = {241},
	number = {March},
	year = {2019},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {293{\textendash}304},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	keywords = {Allocation, Fertilizer, Life cycle assessment, Livestock supply chains, Manure, Nutrients},
	issn = {03014797},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479719303627},
	author = {Leip, Adrian and Ledgart, Stewart and Uwizeye, Aimable and Palhares, Julio C.P. and Aller, Fernanda and Amon, Barbara and Binder, Michael and Cordovil, Claudia M.d.S. and Dong, Hongming and Fusi, Alessandra and Helin, Janne and H{\"o}rtenhuber, Stefan and Hristov, Alexander N. and Koelsch, Richard and Liu, Chunjiang and Masso, Cargele and Nkongolo, Nsalambi V. and Patra, Amlan K. and Redding, Matthew R. and Rufino, Mariana C. and Sakrabani, Ruben and Thoma, Greg and Vert{\`e}s, Fran{\c c}oise and Wang, Ying and Ledgard, Stewart and Uwizeye, Aimable and Palhares, Julio C.P. and Aller, M. Fernanda and Amon, Barbara and Binder, Michael and Cordovil, Claudia M.d.S. and De Camillis, Camillo and Dong, Hongming and Fusi, Alessandra and Helin, Janne and H{\"o}rtenhuber, Stefan and Hristov, Alexander N. and Koelsch, Richard and Liu, Chunjiang and Masso, Cargele and Nkongolo, Nsalambi V. and Patra, Amlan K. and Redding, Matthew R. and Rufino, Mariana C. and Sakrabani, Ruben and Thoma, Greg and Vert{\`e}s, Fran{\c c}oise and Wang, Ying}
}
@article {Kanter2020,
	title = {{A framework for nitrogen futures in the shared socioeconomic pathways}},
	journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {corresponding author, s},
	author = {Kanter, David R and Winiwarter, Wilfried and Bodirsky, Benjamin and Bouwman, Lex and Boyer, Elizabeth and Buckle, Simon and Compton, Jana and Dalgaard, Tommy and wim de Vries and Lecl{\`e}re, David and Leip, Adrian and Muller, Christoph and Popp, Alexander and Raghuram, Nandula and Rao, Shilpa and Sutton, Mark A. and Tian, Hanqin and Westhoek, Henk and Zhang, Xin and Zurek, Monika}
}
@article {Uwizeye2020,
	title = {{Nitrogen emissions along global livestock supply chains}},
	journal = {Nature Food},
	year = {2020},
	month = {jul},
	issn = {2662-1355},
	doi = {10.1038/s43016-020-0113-y},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-020-0113-y https://github.com/uaimable/Global{\_}Nitrogen{\_}assessment},
	author = {Uwizeye, Aimable and de Boer, Imke J. M. and Opio, Carolyn I and Schulte, Rogier P O and Falcucci, Alessandra and Tempio, Giuseppe and Teillard, F{\'e}lix and Casu, Flavia and Rulli, Monica and Galloway, James N and Leip, Adrian and Erisman, Jan Willem and Robinson, Timothy P and Steinfeld, Henning and Gerber, Pierre J}
}
@article {69,
	title = {Ammonia emissions from mineral fertylisers and fertylised crops },
	journal = {Advances in Agronomy},
	volume = {82},
	year = {In Press},
	abstract = {A thorough understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved in NH3 emission from inorganic N fertilizers and fertilized crops is required
if reliable and operational NH3 emission factors and decision support systems for inorganic fertilizers are to be developed, taking into account the actual
soil properties, climatic conditions and management factors. For this reason, the present review focuses on processes involved in NH3 volatilization from
inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and the exchange of ammonia between crop foliage and the atmosphere. The proportion of nitrogen lost from N fertilizers due to NH3 volatilization may range from <0 to .50\%, depending on fertilizer type, environmental conditions (temperature, wind speed, rain), and soil properties (calcium
content, cation exchange capacity, acidity). The risk for high NH3 losses may be reduced by proper management strategies including, e.g., incorporation of
the fertilizer into the soil, use of acidic fertilizers on calcareous soils, use of fertilizers with a high content of carbonate-precipitating cations, split
applications to rice paddies or application to the soil surface beneath the crop canopy. The latter takes advantage of the relatively low wind speed
within well-developed canopies, reducing the rate of vertical NH3 transport and increasing foliar NH3 absorption. Conversely, NH3 is emitted from
the leaves when the internal NH3 concentration is higher than that in the ambient atmosphere as may often be the case, particularly during periods
with rapid N absorption by the roots or during senescence induced N-remobilization from leaves. Between 1 and 4\% of shoot N may be lost in this way.},
	keywords = {EPNB},
	author = {Sommer, S. G and Schjoerring, J. K and Denmead, O. D}
}
